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Calender

Calender is the term used to describe several steel rolls, which are usually heated and between which materials are passed and thus “calendered”, i.e. smoothed, rolled, thinned etc.

Calendering is also called “satin-finishing” in paper manufacturing. Paper is mechanically smoothed between the calender rolls to produce coated or uncoated paper. Calendering takes place under very high pressure and temperature.

CAT

CAT stands for Cromatic Adaption Transform, the chromatic adaptation.

Chromatic adaptation means that the human eye performs an automated white balance. Colour is thus perceived quite independently of the colour temperature.

CGATS

Committee for Graphic Arts Technologies Standards. A standardisation group that develops various standards for the US printing industry.

Chromo board

Chromo board refers to a multi-layer cardboard cake with a coated, usually white front side and an uncoated reverse side. It is mainly used for packaging printing.

Chromo paper

One-side coated paper with excellent printability.

CIELAB

CIELAB or LAB is a mathematical colour model that has become established wherever exact colour calculations are required. Computer colour management usually works via CIELAB.

CMYK

CMYK stands for the four printing colours cyan, magenta, yellow and ‘key’ (black or black component).

Color proof

Color proofs (correct: contract proofs) are an ISO-certified test equipment for the graphic arts industry. Color proofs simulate the colorfulness of offset or gravure printing in a color and legally binding manner within the narrow tolerances of ISO 12647-7. Today, they are almost exclusively calculated using a RIP and then produced with inkjet printers on special proof papers.

Colorimeter

A colour measuring device for measuring/comparing colours.
It is often used to calibrate monitors or in biology/chemistry for analyses. More sophisticated devices, such as the spectrophotometer, can measure colours spectrally and are also used for proofing to verify or calibrate printers.

Colorimetry

Colorimetry, or colour theory, is the science of colour.
It is primarily concerned with an objective and measurable evaluation and definition of colour valences (the visual perception of colour), as well as their relationships to one another.

Colour application

Ink coverage in printing refers to the amount of ink applied to a printed surface. It is also referred to as ink coverage or ink density. The ink application is an important parameter in the printing process as it influences the intensity and saturation of the colours. A high ink application can lead to more intense colours and a higher saturation, but also to longer drying times and possibly to problems such as the ink bleeding through the paper. A low ink application, on the other hand, can lead to …

Colour cast

When a coloured image appears as if a coloured filter is placed over it, this is called a colour cast. In printing, this is caused by a poor gray balance.

Colour depth

Specifies how many different colour shades can be displayed.

Colour distance

The measured distance (colour difference) between two colours. The colour locations of the two colour values are displayed within a system and the difference is given in Delta-E.

Colour gamut

The colour gamut (or simply: gamut) refers to the range of all colours in a colour space that can be recognised (camera, scanner) or reproduced (printer, monitor) by a device.
It is visualised in the form of a colour solid.

Colour location

The colour location describes the position of a measured or selected colour within a colour space. This is often defined by coordinates, e.g. using L, a and b in the CIELab colour space.
The set of all the colour locations in a colour space is called the colour gamut (or gamut).